Compare CAD and Manual Drawing

Comp be wiener and manual of arms briefP1) Identify and describe a range of equipment, furniture and media inevit equal to(p) to produce manual and click childbedings for the tolerates.manual of arms at that mall argon four types of materials traditionally utilise for drafting, which come in arrange of sizes including A1, A2 and A3.Types of Paper utilize for draftingBond This is similar to the news report utilise everyday in office printers. Its the least expensive paper and is usually supplied in rotate form for drafting plotters. Bond paper is most customaryly utilise in weights from 18 lb all the way up to 24 lb, plainly a lot heavier weights argon rileible and apply for primary(prenominal)ly posters and monstrance sketch.Mylar This is a drafting film do from plastic material. It has the advantage of organism erasable which, if you be working in sign, is a great advantage. Its as wholesome as semi impartial, making it possible to overlay mylar ingestings on a fire up table to check if crease work matches up. The film is however to a greater extent resistant to tears but is more than capacious-wearing than paper. It is heretofore employ with drafting plotters and is available in roll form and in twist sheets. Mylar has a matte side and a shiny side which you link up on. The sur verbalism of mylar is quite slippery, and thence pen companies in the ultimo gift released special pens and inks which argon developed proper(postnominal)ally for draftsmanship on it. red-brick plotters hand over found problems picture on mylar as the material does non absorb ink quickly and therefore is pr 1 to smudging as well as unclear lines. Where as bond paper is far more absorbent and does not smudge so substantially. Mylar is withal quite expensive.Vellum This is a linen humbled paper that has traditionally been intentiond for historical edifice plans along with some drafting offices. The high linen content makes it durable and allows draw work to be tardily erased and revised multiple clock. Its not as strong as mylar material but is not as expensive. Vellum withal has a smooth surface which does not absorb ink as fast as bond paper. That may ca work problems with the ink smudging and therefore is not fit for purpose if utilize for depression. With this said vellum paper is no longer utilize today to draft plans.Photo With the advances in drafting printers, photo media became available in roll form for printing super size renderings and images. Its a costly media and is usually reserved for the surpass of pre directation graphics. But it allows the engineering office to do more by taking on work that was previously done by printing shops and the graphic initiationer.Although these be the four main materials aimd for drafting vestige has also been use in the past in the force industry, but is still heavily used for smaller outperform work, frequently(prenominal) as school/coll ege/university projects, art projects and much more.Tracing Paper this paper is hack and translucent which enables the drawer to copy the image/design several times easily. The faint lines of the image/design be then re-drawn in pencil and are later filled in using a specific drawing pen. The paper comes in a range of grades for drafting work. They depress at around 80g/m2 and go up to around 110g/m2 when there are master copies withdrawed. In the past tracing paper when copied using a ammonia copier it was prone to fading in the light and therefore was not clearly visible. even this problem does not occur anymore ascribable to the creation of photocopying machines which declare no side effects as yet.Drawing boards The drafting table is still in use disdain all the advances in calculating machine aided drafting. thither are still many individuals who still use the traditional drawing table. Architects, graphic artists and many structural steel drafters use the drawing table to make and qualify there drawings on paper along with pencil or ink. Drawing boards are large tables which are angled with a lip and a rule which slides up and down the board. The instruments allow you to create parallel, perpendicular and gash lines. Drawing boards are becoming less popular due to the introduction of Computer Aided Design.Pencils These are the main working tool of a draftsperson and are available in arrange of harnesses. The darkest pencil used for technical drawings is a B which is used for shading and adding texture to a drawing. The HB pencil follows which is the most commonly used on a day to day basis but is only used for uncouth sketches for drafting. The F is used for printing and general line work. Following on from the F is the H pencil which is used for dimension lines and hatching by draftspersons. Finally is the 2H which is used for spin lines. For the finest drawings, all pencils used must be permanently sharp and have standard, smooth poi nt. A soft safe is used for rubbing out pencil lines.Scale rules Drawing are produced to a particular scale which lead fully fit onto a drawing sheet. The main tool which helps you draw scale drawings more easily is a scale rule, the most common scales 15, 110, 120, 150, 1100, 1200, 1250, 1500, 11000, 11250 and 12500.g/m2 refers to the paper tincture and weightTee upstanding It backside be used as a guide for architectural and mechanical drawings. It consists of cardinal work ups joined at 90 peak angles. The smaller arm make a motions along the edge of the drawing board and the big arm is used to draw straight parallel lines. It cigaret also be used to support designate squares which endure draw lines at different angles.Adjustable set squares These are mainly used to draw vertical lines at 90 grade angles to the parallel motion arm. A set square hatful also produce a line at any angle on the paper by adjusting the scale of the protractor.Propelling Pencils A pro pelling pencil is very thin and force out be easily replicable. Un comparable a normal standard pencil a propelling pencil incessantly stays sharp due to the thinness of the lead. The most common leads are 0.5 and 0.7. You terminate also acquire leads in oppressivenesses of 0.3, 0.9 and 2mm.Compass These are used to create circles and arcs when drawing. Precision sets accept a thumbwheel compass. A standard compass set let ins an extension arm, a pen clamp and replaceable leads. The purpose of an extension arm is to draw larger arcs and circles with the same amount of precision.Protractor They are generally made from transparent plastic. Protractors nooky come either in semi-circle or full 360 degree form. in that respect are bevel protractors which are circular protractors with a pivoted arm used for correctly measuring and creating angles to draw from.Rubbers Rubbers come in a large variety of shapes and form. The trapezium shaped is preferred as its points can rub out pencil lines more correctly. Plastic and putty rubbers can be moulded into points to carry out similar work. leaperFor hotdog to be successfully installed and used the computer which will run this package must have CPU with 3 gigacycle or more. This number of GHz will allow the firedog parcel program to run at the veracious speed rather than it crashing/ escapedzing. Microsoft Windows Vista or Microsoft XP are both operating(a) ashess which allow CAD to be used successfully. The computer will also need 2GB of RAM on its operating disk and 2GB of free property minimum on its dangerous drive. The computer screen must have revolutions of at least 12801024 pixels which will hold a display adaptor which is able to produce 32-bite colour 128MB or more if possible.There are three main computer hardware configurations for the use of a CAD system. Depending on the size of the company and office will decide which hardware will be in use.The first software configuration is a sta ndalone genius drug user which simply means that the nurture and software is held by a private domain. accordingly CAD drawings can only be sent by email or sent by post.The next main hardware configuration is a small office based intranet where CAD drawings and document information is held in a project folder which is at bottom the computers server. The work is organised by a plot management melt down which segregates the drawings in order of importance. Therefore the company can easily slice and record the drawings within the software easily.Finally the third main hardware configuration is a large multi located extranet set up for a wide area network which contains various members of a project aggroup which are more often than not in different split of the country or countries. As there may be members of the project team in an otherwise country this extranet allows the members to easily access the drawings or information which has been uploaded from the drawing office ont o the internet done subscription.Mouses, keyboards, digitisers/pads and light pens are used everyday by CAD workers.Mouses A standard pilfer has two buttons which are positioned where your fingers lie on the filch. 2D motion ballock lifts are also used and easily direct the mouse much like a standard mouse. More advanced mouses include peal buttons or additional buttons which are found on the side of the mouse which allow the user to carry out a task quicker. optical maser mouses are far more accurate than a standard mouse as the movements are a lot more refined.There are more advanced mouses like the trackball mouse which are far more accurate due to the trackball which is located at the top of the mouse. These mouses are used by designers, gamers and web designers. The actual trackball contains optical and mechanical sensors which are able to track movement and therefore gain on accuracy.Keyboards The most common is the QWERTY keyboard which is used for everyday life and has all requirements covered. However if you are sit down at your desk in the office all day you may face some health and safety issues due to the basic design of the QWERTY keyboard. Therefore there are keyboards specifically designed for this issue which are called ergonomic keyboards which are designed to relieve stress. Using a keyboard can emergence to carpal tunnel syndrome and repetitive stress injury therefore the ergonomic keyboard was designed for this purpose and is recommended by doctors. Finally there is the DVORAK keyboard which is an ergonomic substitute to the QWERTY keyboard. QWERTY keyboards were designed to comply with typewriters and therefore they are ineffective for touch typing. For that undercoat the DVORAK keyboard was invented for touch typing which also adds to the comfort of the typer.Digitisers/pads and light pens These are electronic drawing pads which allow people to easily draw and scribe free hand. This enables easier usage of the computer.P4Aut oCADAutoCAD is usually used on Microsoft desktop software and is available in around 20 languages. It is a form of CAD software which is used to produce 2/3 dimensional designs. AutoCAD can be used for a range of tasks including designing landscapes, buildings and automotive machinery. The before readings of AutoCAD used basic functions which included lines, circles, arcs, plotlines and text. The latest version of AutoCAD is more advanced than the earlier additions and is able to form solid modelling such as creating prisms, boxes and spheres. There are also far more detailed and accurate models which use 3D tools. There are many support programs which use AutoCAD such as Auto LISP, VBA, Object ARX and Visual LISP. Object ARX is a base model which helped create AutoCAD Architecture, AutoCAD Civil 3D and AutoCAD Electrical.AutoCAD LT This is a smaller, cheaper version of AutoCAD which can easily be purchased from computer stores unlike the full version of AutoCAD, purely due to t he cost of the who AutoCAD programs. AutoCAD LT costs around $900 where as the full version of AutoCAD costs around $4000 which is far more specialist. AutoCAD LT costs around a quarter of the price of the AutoCAD full version as it has to compete with other similar softwares where as the full version of AutoCAD is unique and is the only software of its type used by company in this sector of work. However due to the cheapness of AutoCAD LT software there are some features which are excluded from this software which are included on the full version of AutoCAD. mavin of the features excluded from the LT version is the 3D function, others include the exclusion of LISP programs and the inability to interact with 3rd party programs.AutoCAD bookman version This version has a noticeable price difference for scholar, teachers and lecturers, and can be licensed for 14 months. There are few features which are included on AutoCAD but of which are excluded from the AutoCAD savant version. However when a DWG file is created or changed by the student the file is given an educational flag and when this type of file is printed on AutoCAD software it has a plot stamp or banner on all four sides and therefore makes it invalid for commercial use. If a student imports a DWG commercial file they will infect the file so that it can then be used commercially. Also a registered student can has access to free AutoDesk applications from the AutoDesk community. Hence the student therefore has access to the Civil 3D version and the Architectural version of AutoCAD softwares.Other AutoCAD softwares There are many vertical programs which have been designed such as AutoCAD Architecture or AutoCAD Civil 3D. These vertical programs allow the designer to enlarge 3D objects with more intelligent data rather than using essay lines, circles and other solid objects. The program can also be programmed to be products used to construct the design. Therefore the data can be used to estimate t he boilers suit cost for the reflexion of the building, the cost of the materials and other value needed for the building as a whole.Managing CADDesigners need to be assured that the CAD software will husband, store and manage their work efficiently so that it can easily be found if changes are required. To deliver the goods this, major companys have different files for their software. Graphisofts ArchiCAD is an example of this. This software depending on whether the data is two or three dimensional, Graphisofts ArchiCAD uses a file system of which the designers work is stored in a drawing database. DWG files can be easily imported onto this system and this allows a larger range of information to be stored. Thanks to the DWG software, the latest version of CAD has been strengthened and developed by using the DWG software as the primary file format. overdue to the filing system employed by the DWG system it is popular with most designers.Due to frequent updates CAD is now a well -built piece of software and has helped restrict modern day computers due to the requirements needed to run the CAD software successfully. The modern day computer now has a greater ram, better resolutions, far more memory, superior CPU and more enhanced hard drives which means that the computer can easily support the softwares which are ran through them.CAD can project an image in several ways, of which include Ortho graphicly, Isometrically, Axonometrically and can use perspective facial expressions but sometimes an exploded view is used. An exploded view can take apart an image to build the parts and layers which enables you to examine all parts of the original image. This view is used by Architects and Engineers to enable them to perfect their projects. A designer can use pre-set symbols to represent objects such as doors for a cross section of a building.CAD also allows you to use standard house designs, which can save time for architects and therefore allows them to be ahe ad of the project and deadlines. The CAD software allows you to easily save work into electronic drawings and also enables you to transfer drawings by email.CAD enables you to create very realistic designs and images depending on the specific CAD software which you are using. The software allows you to create 3D virtual environments which include pictures of real life buildings and people. Other softwares enable you to create naturalistic textures including sunlight, shadows, plants which move in the wind and people walking or moving. To meet the clients needs certain CAD programs allow you to create walkthroughs. This allows the client to visually depend their building in a realistic view rather than two or three dimensional form drawing.Advantages and Disadvantages of using CAD and Manual drawingsManual DrawingsAdvantagesCheaper to buy the equipment needed to construct the drawings such as set squares or scale rules.If the equipment is broken or not working powerful the user ca n simply buy a new one without having to go to allot of trouble.The equipment never needs updating as it is already adequate to carry out the job correctly.If you are on office it is far easier to use a manual drawing as you are able to get a better perspective and scale.Easy to modify a manual drawing.You do not need as much technical ability.You always have a hard copy.DisadvantagesTakes a long time to post or fax the drawing to the client.Need a large, light area to set out and work on the drawing.The equipment can be effected by human error maybe a shaky hand.It takes a long time to construct or barf a drawing when manually drawing.It is difficult to get the pressure utilise to the pencil to determine the type of line you are looking to achieve whether it is a tracer line or primary line.A manual drawing can get easily damaged.A manual drawing is far harder to store as each drawing takes up blank space and you need put a remembering system in place so that each individual d rawing can easily be found.CADAdvantagesThe drawing can be accurate as the tolls on the software are electronic so they wont be moved(p) by human error such as the incorrect thickness of line.The user can save their work to any electronic storage device such as the hard drive of the computer or a CD or even a memory stick.The computer memorises the drawing in every dimension possible so that the user doesnt have to waste time trying to remember what the drawing looked like and which is which drawing.It is very easy for the user to rectify any mistakes they have made or to move a part of the drawing. Rotate a 3D drawing or to erase any irrelevant parts.The drawing can be transferred by email, saving on postage time and cost.CAD is far quicker to use.The storage and organisation of drawing using CAD software means drawings can easily be stored, dont take up any office space and are well organised and retained.Disadvantages almost shapes are still very difficult to draw using CAD sof tware.It is very expensive to purchase CAD software no government issue what version you choose.The computer and the necessary equipment needed have to be maintained and regularly updated which adds to costs.If the software was to crash or something went wrong it will need to be fixed by a professional in this landing field of work which costs time and money.CAD is very difficult to use and is regularly updated, therefore it is very hard to use and understand. As a result you will regularly need to be trained on how to use the software which adds to costs and time.If the software was to break all of the drawings and information ever saved on the computer software may be lost.CAD is not always suitable for site work.There are always doubts concerning glitches or viruses to the computer system.How the flavor of graphical information importantly affects the quality of the completed civil engineering/construction project.In the construction industry terminate work it contains a numb er of things such as the written specification whether the designers requirements were met or not whether the contractor has estimated the cost accurately or not the products are ordered within time whether the design and construction team have kept misunderstandings to a minimum.Consequently the graphical information for the civil engineering/construction project must always be correct and accurate. The graphical information should include every mavin material or item that is needed for the civil engineering/construction project with all its specifications. The designer must undertake they have created an accurate drawing along with a detailed schedule plan. This will ensure the contractor has the all of the correct products ordered before the work is supposititious to commence. However if the architect or designer knows they have not achieved an accurate drawing they may include a schedule which they have used already on a similar project so that they can spend the remaining ti me modifying their drawing so that it meets their own and the clients standards. though this may save time for the architect to create a short accurate drawing the schedule is inaccurate and therefore lowers the standard of the project and also may add to costs as they may have the wrong equipment as the schedule is not specific to the project. If the schedule initiates up to the construction stage this may cause the project to run past the deadline dates and therefore add cost to the overall project.If the designer creates an accurate drawing for the project which is specific and contains the specific schedule it means that the overall finished construction of the project should also be of a high quality because it allows the contractors to plan ahead before the construction work starts. But if a schedule of high quality is used on the project which has sooner used on a similar project the quality of the overall construction will suffer as a result. So no matter how detailed a sc hedule or information is on the drawing will only create a high quality project if it is specific and accurate to the job.