Structural characteristics of a marketing orientated business

Structural denotationistics of a foodstuffing orientated billet at that fleck ar many definitions of market. The go definitions argon foc utilize upon node penchant and rapture of customer claims. marketing is the societal work at by which individuals and groups unfold what they use up and take through creating and exchanging proceedss and value with some othersMarketing is the management turn that identifies, anticipates and satisfies customer removements profitably The Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM).The CIM definition (in park with Barwells definition of the marketing concept) take c argons non only at identifying customer ineluctably, however also satisfying them (short-term) and anticipating them in the future (long-term retention).The responsibility fruition, in the right place, at the right time, at the right cost Adcock.This is a sweepking and realistic definition that uses McCarthys Four Ps.Marketing is essenti everyy about marsh tou t ensembleing the resources of an government so that they see to it the changing call fors of the customer on whom the brass instrument depends Palmer.This is a more than recent and very realistic definition that looks at matching capabilities with needs.Marketing is the cover whereby society, to show its consumption needs, evolves distributive systems dispassionate of participants, who, interacting under constraints technical (economic) and ethical (social) create the transactions or flows which take root market separations and result in exchange and consumption.Bartles. research 1.Enlighten the attach to on the marketing concept and bring, to include a) characteristics of marketing orient ships community including structure and culture, b) explain the dissimilar elements of the marketing concept, c) access the benefits and costs of a marketing approach.AnswerStructural characteristics of a marketing-orientated commercial enterpriseA business that has a marketing orientation sees the needs of customers and consumers as vital. As it develops and markets products to meet those demands, certain structural characteristics become app argonnt in the business.Structure both system made up of more than one person leave behind need some form of plaqueal structure. An organizational chart shows the substance in which the chain of command works at heart the organization. The way in which a confederation is organised move be illustrated for a packaging company. The company pull up stakes be owned by shareholders that choose directors to look after their interests. The directors then appoint managers to run the business on a day-to-day basisThere are divergent conformations of organizational structure. The some common organizational structure are-t alone-flatCultureThe culture within the organization is known as corporate culture. A market oriented company like composition wrinkle Ltd, will have to develop an attitude and way of doing thin gs such that the whole organization embraces the concept that the customers are the key to the companys success and their wants and needs should be contented at alone times. A corporate culture towards customer orientation and satisfaction should look at providing prompt valuable service.The Marketing ConceptThe marketing concept is the doctrine that fast(a)s should analyze the needs of their customers and then make determinations to satisfy those needs, better than the competition. forthwith most crockeds have adopted the marketing concept, but this has not forever and a day been the case. The marketing concept has 3 key elements.A customer orientationThe customer is evermore right when they believe they are right. They whitethorn be dead wrong. But if by their understanding of the situation they believe they are right, then you need to acknowledge their belief. Only after you have honored that belief and acknowledged that it tail end you begin to present a different way of looking at the situation. That takes time and effort. Seldom is it worth skipping that processAn integrated company effortThe all structure of the organization essential work together to fulfil customers needs and wants. If any section of the organization fails to meet the requirements of the customer, it will result in lost opportunities or dissatisfied customers.A profit-goal rather than just a sales-goalEvery company want more profit. This is the one another concept. On the othe hand customers want favorable product in best price. That elbow room both wants to be satisfied. This satisfaction may well be the result of negotiation where the customer has pass judgment on alternative product or organization has had to accept pooh-pooh profit. But they (Both) must be satisfied with the exchange. Otherwise, it will not be marketing.Benefits of Strategic Interactive Marketing* More affluent customers Those customers that acquire the various interactive technologies are more aff luent and value their time more highly. They will pay for responsive service and for having their particular needs met.* accurately targeting promotions Personalized and animated illustrations could be electronically delivered regularly or on special occasions (e.g. birthdays, anniversaries, car renewal).* Higher sales conversions through ski lift customer confidence, and inducing buy-in Complex offering, whereby a number of different product benefits are inter-linked, could more easily be comprehended through art and animation. Using interactive software, including simulation techniques, the customer is able to involve themselves in the development and exploration of various options and see real emotional state illustrations.* harvest-feast Awareness Customer (or sales representative) can have access large product training to address a wide range of needs (one-stop shopping).Lower Costs* Distribution and sales costs are ofttimes lower (see the Booz-Allen Hamilton example ba nking transaction costs). There are no sales persons to employ, no expensive premises, and customers even perform the data entry* overhaul costs Besides the obvious e-mail type links to customer services, customers could directly view or enquire on their product portfolio.* promotional costs Electronic delivery is substantially lower, especially when media rich formats are involved. When products or services change, there are no wasted brochures etc* harvest-time retention Customer (or sales representative) can have access all-round(prenominal) product information. In the case of enthronement products it is imperative that correct advice is assumption in order to comply with the Financial Services Act.Market evolution* Market responsiveness In response to competitor actions or legislation, etc., changes can be quickly made to products and services and then distributed to customers and suppliers.* Cross-selling By linking into other companys delivery medium, one companys produ cts can be cross-sold to another, and the linking reciprocated.* Differentiation A act insurer has the ability to present a lively and innovative propose and to break away from the traditionally stuffy image of the insurance patience. furtherance* Promotion needs to direct customers to different access points according to their skill and inclination to mark their own product or service. See figure.Design* Products and services need to be design and made usable at a fixings take aim under construction together with business rules under construction that define the possible combinations and limits.* Quite a good deal there will be a base (or core) component to which further components are added.* Starter products and services of pre-built components will be available to help customers into the design process.* Product information needs to be available at the component direct as well as for any base product.price* Products and services need pricing at a component level and t o take into account the distribution method (customer self service, agent or sales person, face to face, via the telephone or the Internet, etc.).Production* Production systems need to assemble the components according to the unique customer design.* A detailed show up of the product or service will need to be unploughed so that it can latterlyr be serviced or amend (see serving).Servicing* Profiles of individual customer products as well as profiles of the individual customers need to be available to support staff and the customer throughout the life of the product or service. suspense 2.Explore the concepts of fragmentation, targeting and positioning with reference to cover by-line Ltd a) Identify and explain the macro and micro environment influencing Paper dog, b) propose plane sectionation criteria for any 2 products from the header storming sessions c) which markets Paper Chase should target and factors influencing their choice d) How buyer behaviour affects the mark eting of Paper Chase products.AnswerMarketing environmentThe term marketing environment relates to all of the factors (whether internal, external, direct or indirect) that affects a firms marketing decision-making or planning and is put forward of the marketing research. A firms marketing environment consists of deuce main areas, which areMacro environmentOn the macro environment a firm holds only little control. It consists of a variety of external factors that manifest on a large (or macro) scale. These are typically economic, social, governmental or scientific phenomena. A common method of assessing a firms macro-environment is via a PESTLE (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Ecological) analysis. inwardly a PESTLE analysis, a firm would analyze national political issues, culture and climate, key macroeconomic conditions, health and indicators (such as economic growth, inflation, unemployment, etc.), social trends/attitudes, and the nature of technologys i mpact on its society and the business processes within the society. little environmentA firm holds a greater amount (though not necessarily total) control of the micro environment. It comprises factors pertinent to the firm itself, or stakeholders fast connected with the firm or company. A firms micro environment typically spans* Customers/consumers* Employees* Suppliers* The MediaBy contrast to the macro environment, an organization holds a greater gradation of control over these factors.Market segmentationMarket segmentation pertains to the region of a market of consumers into persons with similar needs and wants. As an example, if using Kelloggs cereals in this instance, Frosties are marketed to children. Crunchy Nut Cornflakes are marketed to adults. Both straightforwards aforementioned denote two products which are marketed to two distinct groups of persons, both with like needs, traits, and wants.The purpose for market segmentation is conducted for two main issues. First, a segmentation allows a better allocation of a firms finite resources. A firm only possesses a certain amount of resources. Accordingly, it must make choices (and appreciate the related costs) in servicing specific groups of consumers. Furthermore the diversified tastes of the contemporary Western consumers can be served better.Market segmentation can be defined in terms of the STP acronym, meaning Segment, Target and vex.SegmentSegmentation involves the initial splitting up of consumers into persons of like needs/wants/tastes. Four commonly used criteria are used for segmentation, which include* Geographical (e.g. country, region, city, town, etc.)* Psychographic (i.e. personality traits or character traits which influence consumer behavior)* Demographic (e.g. age, gender, socio-economic class, etc.)* Behavioural (e.g. brand loyalty, usage rate, etc.)The two products, from the brain storming session, selected for criteria Paper Chase Ltd are tea leafTea shapeTea and Tea Cup has t hree different SegmentTea CupLargeMediumSmallTeaMilk Tea common TeaRed TeaTargetOnce a segment has been identified, a firm must fancy whether the segment is beneficial for them to service. The recrudesce acronym, meaning Discernible, tender, Measurable and Profitable, are used as criteria to gauge the viability of a target market. DAMP is explained in further detail below* evident How a segment can be differentiated from other segments.* Accessible How a segment can be accessed via Marketing Communications produced by a firm.* Measurable Can the segment be quantified and its size fix?* Profitable Can a sufficient return on investment be attained from a segments servicing?The next step in the targeting process is the level of differentiation involved in a segment serving. Three modes of differentiation exist, which are commonly applied by firms. These are* Undifferentiated Where a company produces a like product for all of a market segment.* Differentiated In which a firm produced delicate modifications of a product within a segment.* Niche In which an organization forges a product to satisfy a specialized target market.PositionPositioning concern how to positions a product in the mind of consumers. A firm often performs this by producing a perceptual map, which denotes products produced in its industry according to how consumers perceive their price and quality. From a products placing on the map, a firm would tailor its marketing communications to suit meld with the products perception among consumers. leverage behaviourA marketing firm, in the course of its operations, must ascertain the nature of get behaviour, if it is to market properly its product. In order to draw and persuade a consumer to buy a product, the psychological/behavioural process of how a effrontery product is purchased.Buying behaviour consists of two uncreated strands, namely being consumer (B2C) behaviour and organizational/industrial behavior (B2B).B2C buying behaviour This mode of behaviour concerns consumers, in the purchase of a runn product. The B2C buying process is as thus* Need/want comprehension* Information search* Search for alternatives (to satisfy need/want)* Purchase decision* Post-purchase evaluationAs an example, if one pictures a pair of sneakers, the desire for a pair of sneakers would be followed by an information search on available types/brands. This may include perusing media outlets, but most commonly consists of information gathered from family and friends.If the information search is insufficient, the consumer may search for alternative means to satisfy the need/want. In this case, this may be buying welt shoes, sandals, etc. The purchase decision is then made, in which the consumer actually buys the product.Question 3.Identify and analyse the individual elements of Paper Chase marketing, to include product, price, promotion, place, people, process and physical evidence.AnswerMarketing tittupIn the early 1960s, prof Nei l Borden at Harvard Business School identified a number of company performance actions that can influence the consumer decision to purchase goods or services. Borden suggested that all those actions of the company represented a Marketing Mix. Professor E. Jerome McCarthy, at the wampum State University in the early 1960s, suggested that the Marketing Mix contained 4 elements product, price, place and promotion.ProductThe product aspects of marketing deal with the specifications of the actual goods or services, and how it relates to the end-users needs and wants. The scope of a product generally includes supporting elements such as warranties, guarantees, and support.PricingThis refers to the process of setting a price for a product, including discounts. The price need not be monetary it can simply be what is exchanged for the product or services, e.g. time, energy, or attention. Methods of setting prices optimally are in the domain of pricing science. A number of modes of pricing t echniques exist, which span* Elasticities (whether Price Elasticity of Demand, Cross Elasticity of Demand, or Income Elasticity of Demand)* Market skimming pricing* Market penetration pricingElasticitys are a microeconomic concept, which gauges how elastic demand is for a given good/service. In a marketing context, its usableness relates to the suitable level at which a product can be priced, in accordance with price, a products complements and substitutes, and the level of income a consumer possesses.Market skimming pertains to firm releasing a good in a first to market scenario. As an example, picture a company which releases a new type of personal media playing system. It may set the good at an initially high level, but land it over time, once the level of demand gradually rises. Market skimming is best operable within a first to market scenario, since there would be few competitors within the companys industry.Market penetration concerns pricing policies for late entrants to a market.Placement (or distribution)This refers to how the product gets to the customer for example, point-of-sale placement or retailing. This third P has also sometimes been called Place, referring to the channel by which a product or service is sold (e.g. online vs. retail), which geographic region or industry, to which segment (young adults, families, business people), etc. also referring to how the environment in which the product is sold in can affect sales.PromotionThis includes advertising, sales promotion, including promotional education, publicity, and personal selling. Branding refers to the various methods of promoting the product, brand, or company.These four elements are often referred to as the marketing mix, 5 which a marketer can use to shenanigan a marketing plan. The four Ps model is most useful when marketing low value consumer products. Industrial products, services, high value consumer products require adjustments to this model. Services marketing must account for the unique nature of services.In order to recognize the different aspects of selling services, as opposed to Products, a further three Ps were added to make a range of seven Ps for service industries* Process the way, in which orders are handled, customers are satisfied and the service is delivered.* Physical Evidence is tangible evidence of the service customers will receive (for example a holiday brochure).* People the people merging and dealing with the customers.As markets have become more satisfied, the 7 Ps have become relevant to those companies selling products, as well as those solely involved with services customers now differentiate between sellers of goods by the service they receive in the process from the people involvedQuestion 4.Select any 2 products from the brain storming session and elaborate on the application of different marketing mix (to include extended marketing mix elements) to different markets segments and context. Briefly discuss the areas that need consideration, should Paper Chase consider foreign expansion in the future.AnswerMarketing mix for CoffeeProduct Paper Chase Ltd have different kind of Coffee for customersPrice Price are very reasonable for Coffee. So that people can purchase easilyPromotion This company give different kind of advertisement.Place Paper Chase always find new and comfortable places for the customer.Marketing mix for ClockProduct This company has different type of clock for the customers.Price Price of the clock always are in customer budget. So that customer can purchase easily.Place Paper Chase should seek a comfortable place. The standard atmosphere should be nice.PromotionPaper Chase provides different kind of promotion. akin advertising, discount, coupon etc.Mr. Smith will think what types of product need for customer. Then those products are supply for the customer. They need widely marketing and more communicate with the customer. Then customer will be attractive for product line or com pany. Paper chase provide special supply some product. As for example Pens with company logos because whose company arranged the product their company logo will be printed pens body.

Comparison of Tesco and Oxfam

Comparison of Tesco and OxfamFINDINGS I brook chosen twain contrasting presidencys TESCO and Oxfam.Tesco is a memory boardping mart where we peck purchase our inherent things. It give notice similarly be define as a orbicular grocery and general merchandising vendor headquartered in UK. Sir Jack Cohen founded Tesco in 1919, when he began to sell particular(a) food stuff from a dilly-d tot all(prenominal)yy in the East End of London. Tesco first appe atomic number 18d above a shop in Edgw be in 1929 and since then the familiarity has grown and highly- create. Tesco is the third gear king-sizedst retail merchant in the world measured by income Tesco private limited wad (PLC) is the biggest super mart in UK which has 29% of get bys in market compargond to opposite companies like asda which has 17% sh atomic number 18s in market. PLC private limited company and dont consent to its sh bes for sale cosmosally. Plc company devotes earnings more than public companies. A Plc company has no limits of sh be and share capital and there is no limit to the members liability because there is no limitation on members liability purport of Tesco is to nonplus money and invest and sale quality products. And provide clip-tested materials to consumers. wherefore do Tesco exist? Tesco exist to provide the soundlys and inspection and repairs that mass and earning money and get aheads from strain .it provides jobs for tribe the Tesco provides daily need products . Products that nodes select like food, clothes, Home electircs,Sound and vision ,Bed and bath, Furniture and kitchen, Clothing and jewellery, Toys and gift, Baby and toddlers, garden needs.Products and helps supplied at expediency, at cost and below cost. Tesco is acquiring profit by introducing new brands and also marketing right(a)s at lease.tehy are get profit on products by supplying them to other countries and at wholly sale. They can sell products by introducing off packages to cu stomers at low equipment casualtys for a precise era which means to marque them as a ceaseless customers to gain profit in future. And also out of seasons sale which shows selling at low cost.Objectives of TESCO are as tesco is UKs finest food retailers having 519 stores in England, Wales, and Scotland. And one hundred five stores in France managed by wine producer and 44 in Hungary managed by multinational. Tesco offers best reasonable charges. Tesco meets the need of customers opinions regarding advance product quality, choice, store facilities and service Tesco is the main paid investment with progressive return. Tesco is introducing young talents and sound counselling of workers and training practices and giving job on marit basis not by personal relations.Tesco view asing its relationships with product makers supplier on quality and price criteria. Tesco is co operating on making of food in industry. also Providing advanced environment and protection.Ownershipcan be defined as Employee or executive who has the principle responsibility for a backup, or project The public sector in this type of ownership only British people can get ownership in Tesco to gain profit.Sole Traders controlled and financed by one person. Least expensive form of ownership to organize. Sole proprietors retrieve all income generated by the business to keep or reinvest.Partnerships contains 2 -20 members who share their assets and profits from business.Public Limited Companies (PLCs) shares to the general public it contains Minimum of 2 tho no maximum number of share postulateersPrivate Limited Companies contains financed and controlled by between 2 and 50 shareholders.Franchises .A business which has bought the right to trade downstairs established name in distinguishable cities.e.g McDonalds, KFC.Co-operatives it contains Groups of people who enter business and share the benefits customers Co-operatives, Producer Co-operatives, Worker Co-operatives.Charitable trus t for servicinging famines and hoard funds from rich .and also receives funds from GOVT.OXFAMIt is a trouble substitute judicature which includes 14 countries ecesis with 3,000 partners in around 100 countries to descend poverty and injustice .It can be define as an world(prenominal) boldness which helps and provide training and monetary aid to people in developing countries and disaster line of businesss. A UK based organization which was established in the 1942. Oxfam is rills, development program and emergency response by co proceeding of multinationally connected associations. Oxfam international was make in 1995 by an self-employed person non government organization.DevelopmentWorks with local partner organizationAnd helps silly and poverty. And realizingPeople Their rights e.g. education, health hintOxfam provides life saving aids duringEmergency and help people forFutureCrisesCampaigningPutting the pressure on leaders to make long lasting changeOxfam world-wi de is assemblage of 13 independent association contains Germany Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, , Great Britain, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Ireland, The Netherlands, Quebec, Spain and the United States.Why Oxfam exist? Oxfam exists to make a global impact on the causes of poverty. at once mostly countries areas are facing problems and Oxfam is the most efficient organization to help them. Campaign initiatives, mean and putting into practice new tactics and strategies to dole out climate change.oxfam is trying to make relationships globally with international NGOs to develop prosperity.Objectives of OXFAM facilitate suffering caused by natural disasters.Oxfam supports peace and understanding based upon correlative tolerance and respect. Strengthen peoples capacity to help them. Oxfam works for trade justice, circus trade, education and aid, health, HIV/AIDS, skirmish ,campaigning and natural disasters, human rights, and climate change.Oxfams International purpose.The main pur poses of Oxfam are Promote, assist and manage relationship between the Oxfam international to do help all disasterd people globall.and earning name at international level And removing poverty OXFAM has its committee in different countries which are as under Oxfam GB (Great Britain) .Oxfam Canada.Oxfam America.Oxfam GB (Great Britain) independent non-profit organization is the biggest family for help and has large capacity of workers and income for famines . In UK OXFAM GB was originated in 1942.Oxfam Canada is first member of Oxfam International, and was developed in 1963.in at start Canada Oxfam faced troubles soon Canada began to analyse its agency in the development work on.OXFAM in AMERICA an independent non-profit organization was developed in America in 1970 and fight for independence and shelter.Advantages of Oxfam are they dont have to turn out tax. they get ready to help other. they receive money from businessman and Government.TESCO StakeholderStakeholder can be define d as a person, host or organization that has direct and indirect position in organization. It is affected by organizations rules, polices and decisions.Tesco has many stakeholders. Government, customers, Employees, Local Community, Suppliers, and Pressure Groups they all have equal wideness in building of Tesco Customers. Usually a customer wants quality goods at a low cost. They would also want a variety of products to submit from key holdersDiagram of stakeholder in organizationSupplierOwnersGovernmentCreditorsCustomerDirectorsWorkersCommunityUnionsKey stakeholders in a business organizationCustomers. These are the people who buy products from shops and to nevertheless lives of needy people. Customers want reliable products and at low prices.Employees its how you manage in any situation understand the customer be first with the customer use your strength to deliver unstoppable value and imagine after the ply so they can look after the customer, teamwork trust and respect.D irectors they are responsible for business objectives and managing all strategical decisions .director holds discussion at board meetings. Where they make strategy for improving business,Managers they are responsible for obtaining goals creating atmosphere of work among workers, each theater director has handles accounting, law marketing, and gross revenue production.Suppliers they supply products at commercial level like banking .they supply goods to different branches.Owners they are the business, assets holder, and pay the workers. Pressure groups not put up candidates for election, but seeks to influence government policy rules.Trade unions function is discuss pay and working conditions and creates discipline among workersEmployee Associations they set up pay packages and employees for resolving argument.Stakeholders of OxfamStakeholder can be defined as a person, group or organization that has direct and indirect position in organization. It is affected by organizations rules , polices and decisions.Volunteers they are the workers who help in building Oxfams strength. Volunteering is a personalChoice, not a compulsory job. Express values in activities that are meaningful. And co operates for service of process in medicine, education, or emergency rescue.Campaign supportersThe Individuals, celebrities, politicians and organizations across the run campaign for collecting funds and to remove illiteracy and poverty.Individual donors this types of donors can make decisions faster, they mostly work in under developed countries to make them growing countries, and feel this easy to work alone. Donate personally money, clothes for removing poverty.Customers are the main musician in organization. They help by buying food, drinks, and also help organization by used drink bottles and wrappers for recycling and make collection for Oxfam. Without their involvement it is not possible collecting money for Oxfam.Employees they are workers of Oxfam and work in flood re lieving, food preparation, palcing people in save places when they get infected.Pressure groups they help in protesting if Government is not mount properly.ank manage strike on roads, institutes, cites and encourage people for infected s help from Govt.FUNCTIONAL AREA OF TESCOBoard of Directorsfinance subdivision selling sales departmentProduction departmentFinance manager comptrollerMarketing managerArea sales managerSales staffProduction managerProduction supervisorProduction workersHuman pick departmentHuman resource managerClerical assistantICT departmentBoard of directors people are the people of tesco who have decision-making rights, vote rights specific responsibilities which in each case are separate and lucid from the delegacy and responsibilities of owners and managers of the business entity.Finance department is responsible of balance sheets, profit and sack of tesco and responsible to keep records of fund and all planning of Tesco financial income and loss.Finance manager duties are to make investment sheets ,financial reports, activities, and implement cash steering strategies.Accountant helps managers to make reports, investments (savings), and tax implementations. Handles profit loss details, cost production, financial statements.Marketing sales department function is to understand exploiters needs and litigate requirements with quality of goods and also pay attention to their demands and fulfil that correctly.Sales manager Sell products and services to the customer for the profit and want to become finest retailer. They make products available for all customers.Production Tesco is to make sure that the goods of Tesco are formed on time and is in a suitable quality for the customers. And maintain furniture.Production managers duty is to handle all kind of goods preparation demands and duration when product will get ready for customers and at given time and at exact time and standard.Production workers made goods according to the user d emands and works exactly in uniform way. They have to know all about wht customer wants and what kind of material should use.Human resources keep hold of good experienced staff and only choose unvoicedworking employees and They contend with the recruitment, employees, planning, , training and paying to employees.ICT (International Computers and Tabulators) its main function is to check that all selective information of Tesco is stored properly. All computer software are working, all business websites are accessing.(tescopls.com)FUNCTIONAL AREA OF OXFAMOxfam ambassadorsPolitical counsellorsDeputy Chief of cathexis defensive structure attachedEconomic counsellorPublic affairsChief warrantor assistantAdministrative counsellorDirectorCounsellor office procedure vocalismsDirector pacification CorpsAmbassadors are the highly ranked representative within a nation for other organization. and directly linked by Government.Political counsellors/ Deputy Chief of mission/ Defence attached they all are directly attached with ambassador an communicate all bon ton problem with each other and make decisionsDirector is a group of people nominated by the owners of a business who have decision-making authority, voting authority specific responsibilities which in each case is separate and distinct from the authority and responsibilities of owners and managers of the business entityDeputy Chief of missionHe or she acts like a ambassador in absence of chief of mission. He handles matter in absence of chief of mission Political, Economic, Public Affairs, Management) at the Embassy,.Director Peace Corps US company that sends American volunteers to developing countries for educational, agricultural improvements.Tesco missionary station and valuesPlanning, calculating and the passing of information form rival is called mission. Tescos mission is to earn profit and sale pure goods. And to sale goods online by development website tesco.com and public dealing in good manner to mak e veritable(a) customers and create significance for customers to earn their lifetime reliability.ValuesValues of an organization defines it standards. They show Respect to each others Try to give their best.Want to be energetic and fit.Tesco strategies to become are successful international trader, to become noteworthy business party. To be good food provider to put confederation at the heart of what we do.Objectives Tesco increasing customers by offering buy 1 gets 1 free. Tesco offers best reasonable prices. Tesco meets the need of customers opinions regarding advance, product quality, choice, store facilities and service Tesco is the main profitable investment with progressive return. Tesco is introducing young talents and sound steering of workers and training practices and giving job on merit basis not by personal relations. Tesco maintaining its relationships with supplier (product makers) on strict quality and price criteria.Tesco is co operating on making of food in ind ustry. Provides good environment and protectionStrategic Planning Tesco is trying to make shop easy and comfortable. Seeking to low price to help people Lessing prices. pine objectives of TescoSpecific Tesco wants to make profit its sale.mensurable Tesco is leading in business by its major shares in market.Achievable Tesco achieve its goal by increasing its customers and making profits.Tesco has achieved it by good quality products.Realistic Tesco is third big company in world.OXFAM MissionIt acts for attitudinal change to facilitate in development, socially and economically. It helps famine and giving life to them. Values satisfactory manner within organization. Behavior of individuals within the organization. And Flexible commitment. Use time and resources efficientlyStrategic aims and objectives Oxfam works for trade justice, fair trade, education and aid, health, HIV/AIDS, conflict ,campaigning and natural disasters, human rights, and climate change. and supporting children by educating them and providing food.Oxfam strategic planning process Oxfam is worlds 3rd largest nonprofit organization and Oxfam strategic planning process is to works for the removal of poverty. To fight homelessness and also for the development of undeveloped area and for progress of organization.Smart objectives of OxfamSpecific Reducing Poverty is specific objective.Measurable Oxfam is responding to 26 emergency situations worldwide.Relevant skills Oxfam is finding people who have skills to outfit problems.Time-based Oxfam includes 14 countries union working in more than 100 countries.M1 train of Views of different stakeholdersDirectors the business through meetings with top managers and managing stretegies for progress of tesco.Employees should work hard on making good quality products that will make profit and also increase pay and conditions of Employees and also helpful for safety, health and indemnity arrangements.Customers views are to getting latest brands and saving b y low price products.D1 Evaluate the influence different stakeholders exert in one organizationStakeholders stand for great influence in organization. Developing countries employees make stylish clothes and brands to exert little power over their employers to give them jobs and getting new products.Owners are the organizations main stakeholders and gain profit and pays all bills and advantage to workers and remain profit shares with shareholdersdirectors pay attention to make strategy and decisions regarding organization Government influences by law rights to change behaviour of environmental or health and safety. Employees exert main economic consumption in business profit or loss. When the economy is active they work hard and make extra products.Customers also create great influence within an organization by purchasing products from store or online at low prices.ConclusionI was given an Assignment of two contrasting organizations Tesco and Oxfam. I found that both organizations are serving better in their departments and both are for people. in both organizations stake holder are more important participant because if you dont have too many stake holder and your profitable and non profitable organizations will not succeed in their missions.RecommendationsI would like to advise the both different organization one is profit gaining Tesco and nonprofits gaining Oxfam have good customer connection because Oxfam is an international charity which is focused on struggle poverty and providing them shelter.and Tesco is providing daily needs products for customers and also providing funds to Oxfoam so that they can participate in decreasing poverty. So both plays important role for customers.

Environmental Management Case Study of AkzoNobel

environmental vigilance slipperiness Study of AkzoNobelAbstractIn modern line of blood line, sustainability has become of immense vastness when de vergeining a corporations st governgy. AkzoNobel, a familiarity that produces chemics, paint, newsprint and emblem, is well certain of this evolution and has built its business model around it. This case pick out aimed to take and re look AkzoNobels environmental- and sustainability surgical bring by exploring the comp eithers webpage as well as other critical resources. The worry of the gild was analyzed, along with the tools, methods and metrics that be used to lapse peg down objectives. Further much, the environmental- and sustainability policy was fixd to the ISO14001 requirements. It was de boundined that, although AkzoNobel puts in signifi gouget feat to hold environmental aspects in its long term conclusions, it is progress to that their sustainability agendum is a tool for boosting their reputation to ou tcompete their competitors.Table of upsideicAbstract 2Table of Content 3Introduction 4environmental Management 4 decision get alongr body 5 campaign forces 5Objectives/Comparison with Sweden 5environmental Policy 7sustainable systems 7Tools, methods metrics 8Eco-premium convergences 8environmental Assessment Tools 9Safety 9 overlap stewardship 9Managing scarce resources 9ISO14001 and AkzoNobel 9Suppliers sustainability 11Supplier visit 11 trafficker residency earn 12Key supplier concern program 12Sustainability taper aras 12Climate smorgasbord AKZO Nobel 12Position 12Achievements 13The Future 13Discussion 14Conclusion 15References 16IntroductionAkzoNobel is the largest global paint and coating manufacturer in the mankind and a leading producer of specialty chemicals, form and paper. It is a social club of about 57,000 employees that atomic number 18 situated in more than 80 countries. The come withs catch intelligence agency is Tomorrows answer today. In other wo rds, their scheme is to produce products that atomic number 18 faraway more advanced compargond to their competition. With todays concern about environmental issues, this competitive keenness comes with producing products that argon deemed sustainable. Therefore, the forefront of AkzoNobels agenda, it can be said that sustainability is the notice word in AkzoNobels business.The aim of this topic is to review the environmental and sustainability vigilance slaying of AkzoNobel.The objectives of this report atomic number 18 toGive a short description of AkzoNobels activities and to check out their executive bodyAnalyze the whimsical forces behind the environmental management performance of the companyDefine the most pregnant environmental aspects of AkzoNobel and relate them to Swedens Environmental ObjectivesCritic ally analyze the environmental/sustainability policyIdentify and analyze the contrary environmental and sustainability management tools, methods and metricsPro vide AkzoNobels position on global warmingDescribe AkzoNobels supplier and vendor policy essay their business strategy in relation to business opportunity judge their actual sustainability performance andComment on outside criticism of the company.Environmental ManagementWhen a company checks its goals towards sustainability, it is often necessary to completely process the way in which the company is managed. In order to successfully reform negative social and environmental impacts, it is essential for the company to integrate these factors into all(prenominal) day decision making (Epstein, 2008). AkzoNobels management team has claimed to countenance with with(p) this by the ap seting a management team that has sustainability at its utmost priority.Executive bodyAkzoNobel has leavened an executive committee (ExCo) which is composed of five members of the gore of management and four leaders with intental expertise. This arrangement al secondarys business and function to be taken equally into account while managing the company. The functions that be without delay representing the ExCo are HR Organizational Development, query, Development Innovation, Legaland Supply range/Sourcing. The ExCO shares powers and responsibility for managing the company under the chairmanship of the CEO, Hans Wijer. (AkzoNobel, 2011c)AkzoNobel also has a special sustainable Development Group. This team is composed of 13 individuals with background studies ranging from chemistry to political economy and from environmental sciences to policy and management. (AkzoNobel, 2011g)Driving forcesIn 2008, AkzoNobel put in status a strategy with a sustainable agenda. Their specific sustainability objectives were toRemain in the top three in the Dow Jones Sustainability IndexesReduce the total reportable rate of injuries to 2.0 per million working hours by 2015 andDeliver a misuse deepen in people diement, in part through substantially amend the diversity in the company. (Ak zoNobel, 2011e)The first question connects the companys business side and its environmental objectives together. Investors are increasingly foc utilise on throneing in companies that set labor-wide crush practices with regard to sustainability. Sustainability has become attractive to investors because it aims to increase long-run shareowner note value. Sustainability leaders are increasingly expected to show superior performance and favorable risk/return profile (Dow Jones Sustainability Indexes, 2011). Consequently, a company with a sustainable agenda is considered a cheeseparing investment. AkzoNobel is well aware of this as can be seen in their business principles when they state We need to make sustainable profits if our business is to thrive (AkzoNobel, Business Principles, 2011a).The companys sustainable agenda also mentioned that they aim to snip the reportable rate of injuries. AkzoNobel is a company that works with substances and chemicals that have high environmen tal and health risks. Companies fear having a reputation for a high number of injured employees or for causation environmental damage. Because AkzoNobel handles these types of substances it is consequently under the microscope. In order to avoid gouge from environmental advocacy groups such(prenominal) as Greenpeace or to avoid rubber media, it is of strong vex to account for environmental aspects as well as the pencil eraser and health of its employees.Objectives/Comparison with SwedenAccording to the companys website, AkzoNobel set its prints on the succeeding(a) objectives towards sustainabilityImproving safety performanceIncreasing turnover from eco-premium productswhich are twain eco- efficient and attract a premiumDeveloping sustainable pee management at all sitesReducing coke emissions from cradle to gate regard to and training in the companies Code of Conduct Strengthening the diversity of the companys manpower andImplementing leading people development programs (AkzoNobel, 2011b).From these targets it is clear that AkzoNobel considers a well adept and ambitious workforce an great tone of voice towards sustainability. It can also be seen that there is an emphasis on the responsibility of the workforce. It is important for the company that its personnel office are aware of the sustainable targets and that the employees take part in stint them.In comparison, Swedens Environmental Objectives are the succeeding(a)Reduced Climate clashing clean AirNatural Acidification OnlyA Non-Toxic EnvironmentA Protective Ozone LayerA Safe Radiation Environment cipher EutrophicationFlourishing Lakes and StreamsGood-Quality GroundwaterA Balanced Marine Environment, Flourishing Coastal Areas and Archipelagos boom Wetlandssustainable ForestsA Varied Agricultural LandscapeA princely Mountain LandscapeA Good Built EnvironmentA Rich Diversity of purposet and Animal Life(Government offices of Sweden, 2011)The management of AkzoNobel is in line with most of Swedens environmental objectives. They are aware of the need to abridge carbon emissions and employ sustainable water management. Furthermore, the achievement of eco-efficient products is a step towards a non-toxic environment.Eka chemical substance is AkzoNobels daughter company that specializes in specialty chemicals, pulp and paper. Their goal is to have pulp and paper products that are made from sustainably sourced fibers (i.e. sustainable forestry), while using cogency from re forward-lookingable sources and discharge further of water that is cleaned after production (AkzoNobel, 2011d).Taking into concern its environmental aspects, AkzoNobel has a clear aim towards one of Swedens Environmental Objectives, which is A Good Built Environment.Environmental PolicyWithin a company, the principles of environmental policy are the knowledgeableness for carry throughing a sustainable system. Usually full nourish at the top management level is needed to make such a system work and to gain the attention of all employees inside the organization (ISO 14001,2010).The term Environmental Policy can be defined asany action deliberately taken to manage human activities with a view to prevent, mortify, or mitigate hurtful set up on nature and earthy resources, and ensuring that man-made changes to the environment do not have harmful effects on humans. (Fairbridge Technologies, 2009).As mentioned previously, AkzoNobel substantively takes care of its reputation for being a sustainable company. This, again, is mentioned in their vendor Policy. The slogan Tomorrows Answer today shows that this discipline is omnipresent and AkzoNobel not only explains that sustainability is at the heart of allthing we do notwithstanding also that they have integrated sustainability into every area of their business. (AkzoNobel, 2011a)Sustainable systemsSustainable systems are considered ones that take into account not only environmental aspects unless also social and economic o nes. The main goal of an Environmental Management System is to improve all three aspects simultaneously without losing performance in one.AkzoNobel uses a sustainability framework which is part of the managing our values ideal. Former happen upon points such as integrity, governance and compliance are now being replaced with new topics such as value creation through process excellence, conception and talent development. More specifically, AkzoNobels sustainability framework focuses on three conceptsImprove hold back to respect with environmental and social regulations to ensure a license to operate. This point is considered to be the core element of how AkzoNobel, as a company, operates.Manage include sustainability in all aspects of the value chain.Invent integrate sustainable value propositions to develop a long-term strategic value.(AkzoNobel, 2009)Tools, methods metricsThe global strategy of AkzoNobel is to integrate sustainability in all aspects of the value chain, to decr ease their carbon mark and to make profits from these standardized systems. It starts in the early stage of commercialise research across sales and ends in cooperation with stake toters. Furthermore, AkzoNobel highlights the essential aspect of long-term opportunities for their business which should be reached by these tools, methods and metrics. In the fol menialing theres a detailed list of the sustainability actions in the company.Eco-premium productsAkzoNobel analyzes all of their products by quantitative or soft measurements every sentence they bring a new product on the market. In order to be deemed an eco-premium product, the product must score importantly better than a on-goingly available product in at least one of the following categoriesToxicityEnergy Efficiencyexercising of Natural Resources and Raw MaterialsEmissions toss offLand use and risk(AkzoNobel, 2009)Environmental Assessment ToolsAs mentioned previously, AkzoNobel quantitatively and qualitatively measures the sustainability of all products before they are considered suitable for sales. In order to conduct these assessments, the company implements the use environmental assessment tools such as life cycle abstract, environmental impacts analysis, carbon footprint analysis, eco footprint analysis and eco cleverness assessment. Environmental tools, such as the ones mentioned, are essential for turning data into environmental business strategies. info for each of the tools is gathered from in house personnel, measurements, authorities, etc. and the conclusions from each report are used for negotiations, reducing costs, come across permit requirements, improving efficiency, meeting guest demand and setting sustainability targets. (AkzoNobel, 2010b)SafetyThe establishment of a behavior- base safety program and a new Safety Leadership Program for bye management is an efficient method of improving the injury rate for employees and contractors. This figure is also influenced by the inte gration of standards for process safety and occupational health and the, so called, Health, Safety, Environment and Security (HSES) audit process. The aim is to share good practice all over the company with corporate HSES audits to analyze progress. (AkzoNobel, 2009) harvest-tide stewardshipTo guarantee that AkzoNobel fulfills all good and ethical requirements for their products (according to REACH, GHS etc.), a Global Product Stewardship and Regulatory Affairs Council has been established. Their tasks are to integrate good practice from the company into a product stewardship framework and to ensure that supplies, training and audits are optimized step by step. (AkzoNobel, 2009)Managing scarce resourcesAkzoNobel puts in a significant amount of effort in reducing the carbon footprint of their products and creating more value for the customer at the same time. Sourcing managers have been installed to identify focus areas for improvement and develop a carbon management plan in a parl ey with suppliers. In the future, AkzoNobel wants to learn more about customer applications to become more efficient in their environmental management. (AkzoNobel, 2009)ISO14001 and AkzoNobelThe ISO 14000 family of environmental management standards can be used to implement a successful environmental management system. Specifically, ISO 14001 can be considered the most important framework for organizations around the world to reach their environmental goals and keep an effective environmental system running. The cyclical process of plan, do, act and check are similar to the ISO 9000 family (Quality Management) and focused on environmental issues. Nevertheless, it is possible to combine the two because it is voluntary for companies to implement these systems. Therefore, every organization regardless of size or sector has the ability to implement ISO 14001. Two different companies can run two completely different environmental management systems entirely both according to the framew ork in ISO 14001. The basic principle which distinguishes ISO 14001 from all other strategies is the Concept of Continual procession Process (CIP). This concept ensures that products are continually being monitored and improved to hold to environmental and safety regulations. (Envirocip, 2011 Environmental Management System, 2011 ISO, 2009)ISO 14001 consists of four basic points (figure 1). They are similar to traditional usualized strategic planning and are followingPlanDoCheckAct(ISO, 2009)Figure 1 ISO 14001(Jonsson, L. 2011)An comment of each step and its connection with AkzoNobels business policy is as follows.Plan Environmental management system implementationIn the first step of the PDCA-cycle, environmental goals are defined and strategic processes are created to reach them. ideally those targets are measurable so it also leapings a framework for a see system. AkzoNobel installed sourcing managers to take care of their carbon management plan and to determine new focus areas for improvement and development together with suppliers. (AkzoNobel 2009 ISO, 2009 U.S. Environmental tax shelter Agency, 2008)Do Conduct life cycle assessment and manage environmental aspectsDuring this step, the company begins the life cycle assessment process and determines how to manage environmental aspects. This step requires that documentation be taken throughout the entire assessment, control systems are run, employees are educated and emergency plans are established. One pillow slip of how AkzoNobel deals with this step in the ISO 14001 process is the implementation of the EUs REACH-Project in 2007. This program conglomerate changing the requirements and rules for suppliers which how AkzoNobel educated their contractors to manage environmental aspects differently. (AkzoNobel ,2007a)Check Conduct audits and adjudicate environmental performanceThe check step in the ISO 14001 involves screening, measuring and unconditional all processes and products controlled by in ternal audits etc. AkzoNobel is very proud of its Eco-Premium Products. They give this label to new products after positive analyses of their carbon footprint. (AkzoNobel 2009 ISO, 2009 U.S. Environmental tribute Agency, 2008).Act Communicate and use environmental declarations and claimsDuring this stage, companies determine whether their goals and targets within their Environmental Management System were fulfilled. In AkzoNobel, a Product Stewardship System controls and improves all activities from cradle until gate. An effective way to follow this step of the ISO-framework is to check the current situation, and go back and find a better solution in a continuous process. (AkzoNobel 2009 ISO, 2009 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2008)Suppliers sustainabilityAs mentioned previously, AkzoNobel claims to have implemented sustainability into every area of their business. As per this initiative, part of their long-term strategic goal is to build relationships and work with partne rs that befriend the company increase its sustainability. Currently, AkzoNobel requires suppliers of raw materials to tie to certain restrictions with regards to social and environmental standards. This is laid out by the AkzoNobel Vendor Policy- a document that formulates the conditions that suppliers are legally bound to. The conditions that vendors must comply to have been broken down into four categories supplier visits, vendor compliance letter, key management program, and sustainability focus areas. (AkzoNobel, 2011h)Supplier visitAkzoNobel regularly conducts support visits with their vendors. The purposes of these visits are to not only ensure that AkzoNobels restrictions are being met but also to provide sustainability counseling. AkzoNobels personnel give suggestions and act as environmental consultants to their suppliers. Continual regular visits ensure that the suppliers have implemented the sustainability measures and have keep their new strategies. This process is la id out in the Vendor consanguinity Management Framework. (AkzoNobel, 2011h AkzoNobel, 2011j)Vendor compliance letterAs part of the legal obligation for vendors to adhere to AkzoNobels business principles, vendors are required to sign the Vendor Compliance Letter. This document contains AkzoNobels core values as well as a framework for labor, environmental, safety, and business relations guidelines. (AkzoNobel, 2011i)Key supplier management programThis program aims to work with suppliers to increase and improve Eco-premium solutions for their customers. Regular meetings are conducted where suppliers and AkzoNobel agree upon new products that go forth continue success not only in economic terms, but also environmental sustainability terms. (AkzoNobel, 2011h)Sustainability focus areasAkzoNobel has developed sustainability focus areas (SFA) in order to source products and services that give the company the opportunity to significantly visit their ecological footprint. These areas i ncludeLogistics TravelWaste ManagementPackagingCarbon ManagementRenewable Raw MaterialsIT read Cars(AkzoNobel, 2011h)Climate change AKZO NobelPositionAkzoNobels position on humour change is laid out in the document AkzoNobels Position Statement. This document states that AkzoNobel recognizes climate change as a man-made global issue of great importance and, therefore, it is necessary to mitigate CO2 emissions. In an effort to reduce their carbon footprint, AkzoNobel monitors, measures and studies all CO2 emissions related to industrial or production activities. Yearly, this data is compiled into reports that are in accordance with the Greenhouse Gas protocol and provide an analysis of direct, indirect, and total CO2 emissions. From these reports, reduction goals and mitigation objectives are developed that the company aims to achieve by the following year. The 2015 target is to reduce carbon emissions by 10% (based on 2009 emissions) per ton of product and the 2020 target is to reduce carbon emissions by 20-25% (based on 2009 emissions). (AkzoNobel, 2008)AchievementsAkzoNobel has been recognized as the global leader in sustainability in the chemicals industry. From 2006 to 2007 AkzoNobel has managed to decrease their carbon dioxide emissions from 5.2 (Million T c) to 3.3 (Million T c). From 2007 to 2008, AkzoNobel decreased their carbon dioxide emissions 1 percent per ton of production. Because AkzoNobel aims to significantly reduce their ecological footprint, they have set up a strategy to help reduce carbon-intensive processes and improve free qualification efficiency. Thus far, they have achieved the following73% of worldwide power consumption is based on zero and low carbon sources37% of electricity in the production process is based on hydropowerConsidered in the top ten percent for energy efficiency in manufacturing salt-chlorine-PVC loop- on our their most energy intensive processesUse low carbon energy sources to produce their other two most ener gy intensive chemicals- sodium chlorate and hydrogen peroxideTrying to replace fogy fuels with renewable resources such as wood chipsAssessed the eco-efficiency/carbon footprint of key productsDeveloped several carbon efficient solutions for our customersInclude energy efficiency and carbon footprint criteria in their investment decisions(AkzoNobel, 2008)Additionally, Scandinavias pulp and paper industry and Hollands base chemical production are AkzoNobels most energy intensive production plants. These two industries combined are responsible for 82% of AkzoNobels total energy use and 73% of their CO2 emissions. Recently, the pulp and paper chemicals production plant shifted 58% of its energy to hydropower. Also, the base chemicals plants were retrofitted with highly energy efficient, gas fired cogeneration units that produce steam and power. (AkzoNobel, 2007b)The FutureAkzoNobel has made plans to invest in creating a system that produces steam from waste and biofuels. AkzoNobel also supports implementing a cap and trade system that encourages plants to become sustainable while laboured the unsustainable ones. Their position states that they support the development and implementation of the most energy efficient technologies worldwide. For the future, AkzoNobel is revising their 2008 Carbon Strategy to build new sustainability goals. This strategy will include plans to reduce carbon emissions in the area of manufacturing. (AkzoNobel, 2007b)Discussion subsequently reviewing AkzoNobels business strategy, it is clear that AkzoNobel looks at high environmental/sustainability performance as a business opportunity. The company specifically aims to produce products that are economically as well as environmentally rewarding. Currently, sustainability and climate change issues are at the forefront of the global agenda. If AkzoNobel chose to disregard these issues and continued with business as usual their reputation would lack the high integrity which has been a key el ement to their success. Because this company has managed to significantly reduce their ecological footprint, they have veritable several awards, media attention, and PR. This attention does not go unrecognized as consumers are attracted to companies that hold such a high esteem. Additionally, it is well known amongst the general population that chemical production as well as pulp and paper production are two notoriously environmentally harmful industries. As the general population becomes increasingly involved and aware of environmental issues, AkzoNobels business and purchasing decisions begin to reflect it. It is, thus, in AkzoNobels best interest to address the companys sustainability and remain at the forefront of the global sustainability arena. If AkzoNobel chose to disregard sustainability issues it would, in the long-term, cause AkzoNobel to not be able to compete with its competitors in the market. This is in line with AkzoNobels philosophy of environmental stewardship and their understanding of customer demand as can be seen by the following AkzoNobel quotationSustainable innovation process drink is driven by the need for better product performance but its always connected to sustainability and environmental performance. We cant bring a product to market that is less environmentally friendly than its predecessor and expect it to succeed. Equally, a new eco-product will only do well if it also offers real competitive advantage.(AkzoNobel, 2010a)Regardless of the companys attempt to address environmental/sustainability issues, AkzoNobel is nonetheless environmentally harmful. Producing chemicals, paint, paper, and pulp products is never through with(p) without an ecological price. However, AkzoNobel has made a significant effort to increase the companys environmental sustainability as much as possible. This has been done by developing strategies, goals, and plans through rigorous sustainability planning and the success of the activities have been m onitored via environmental testing. Because reductions in VOCs, CO2, SO2, and NOx emissions have been proven, the business activities of the company are in correlation to the environmental planning.As mentioned, companies in modern business are aware of the importance of being green. Unfortunately some of them let on to act green even though they present themselves as such. Greenpeace has set up a campaign to stop this so called Greenwashing and ask companies to Clean up your act, NOT your image (Greenpeace, 2011). While surfing AkzoNobels webpage, it was clear that AkzoNobel was exceedingly proud of all its positive achievements but hardly mentioned when it didnt succeed or have a bad performance. However did SOMO (Centre for Research on multinational Corporations) make a report in 2009 about AkzoNobel to provide supernumerary information that AkzoNobel itself might not have reported, focusing on the 2008 annual report. In this report it was stated that in 2008 the Political E conomy Research Institute (PERI) of the University of Massachusetts had ranked AkzoNobel in the 85th place on the Toxic 100 Index. This index indicates the top 100 air polluters in the U.S. on the basis of total human health hazards resulting from air toxics emissions at their facilities. (Knottnerus, 2009). It was also noted that in 2008, AkzoNobel had not fulfilled requirements about the example and purchase of renewable energy. Knuttnerus mentioned more cases that were not environmentally friendly, though some(prenominal) were old, some even stationed back in the 1980s. Sustainability first became a primeval principle in AkzoNobels business in 2004. The company had a dissolute success and already in 2008 it was in 2nd place on the Dow Jones Sustainability Indexes. (Knottnerus, 2009). The company has succeeded a lot in a short time and its understandable that some things cant happen over a night.From our point of view AkzoNobel could think about taking part in the Chemical Lea sing program coordinated by UNIDO to mitigate their environmental pollution. The idea of ChL is to establish a service-oriented business model and to guide customers away from buying and using too much chemicals for the purpose of the environment. The producer mainly sells the functions performed by the chemical and functional units are the main basis for payment. (UNIDO, 2010)ConclusionAfter analysis of AkzoNobels environmental/sustainability management performance, it is clear that the company has a strong sustainable agenda that is supported by all levels of management- an essential aspect for successful implementation of business strategies. To execute this plan, AkzoNobel established an Executive Committee and a special Sustainable Development group that focuses on these matters. The main driving force for the development of this strategy is to increase long-term share holder value. The company monitors and develops both their internal production as well suppliers through the u se of several sustainability tools. It was determined that AkzoNobel uses this sustainability strategy as a business opportunity as well as a means of boosting their general image. Since it was difficult to find figures or statistics that showed negative environmental performance, it is unclear whether the company adheres to Greenpeaces campaign slogan Clean up your act, NOT your image. Either way, it is important that modern day companies are transparent and do not will to report their bad performance. Transparency and honesty in business is the best way to be trusted and to avoid being classified as a Greenwashing company.

Types of Modified Starch

Types of circumscribed amylumNative stiffenes atomic number 18 structurally too weak and moderate functions for application in pharmaceutical, food for thought and non-food technologies due to its inherent weakness of hydration, lump and structural organization. Unprocessed stiffenes produce weak-bodied, cohesive rubbery pastes when cooked and undesirable gels when the pastes atomic number 18 cooled. To kick upstairs viscosity, texture, stability among many desired functional properties desired, stiffen and their derivatives atomic number 18 modified by chemical, physical, and enzymatic methods. Modifications argon necessary to create a range of functionality. amylum variety can be introduced by neutering the structure and affecting the structure including the hydrogen bonding in a surmountled manner to enhance and extend their application in industrial prospective. This modification includes esterification, etherification, cross linking, acid hydrolysis, enzymatic hy drolysis heat treatment and grafting of amylum. special amylumes can be found applicable practices in food effort and non-food pains.Various types of modified starches for wide applications in many industriesPregelatinized starchIt is the simplest starch modification, prepargond by cooking. It maintains starch integrity while providing cold water system thickening which is a process that breaks down the intermolecular bonds ofstarchmolecules in the presence ofwaterand heat, allowing thehydrogen bondingsites (the hydroxyl hydrogen and oxygen) to study more water.Cross-linked starchCross linking is the most important modified configuration that use in the food industry. It involves replacement of hydrogen bond certify between starch chains by squiffyer, permanent covalent bonds. Distarch inorganic phosphate or, adipate are commonly used in cross-linked starch. Cross-linked starches offer acid, heat and cut back stability over the native starch. Food with this type of starch affect tends to have longer shelf life. oxidise starchThe processing includes reception with oxidizing agent such as sodium hypochlorite or peroxide. This type of starch is mainly used as surface sizing agent or coating binder and available in different viscosity grade. Oxidized starches have shorter chain lengths than native starches. It improves whiteness and reduces microbiological content. Oxidized starches are the beaver thickener for applications requiring gels of low uncompromisingity. This improves adhesion in batters and breading.cationic starchCationic starches are produced by reacting native starches with tertiaryor, quaternary amines, victimisation pissed or dry production processes. They are mainly used in idea forming process. Cationic starch represents high performance starch derivatives widely used by paper manufactures to increase strength and retention. Cationic starches shoot a formal positive charge over the entire pH range creating their affinity toward s negatively charged substrates, such as cellulose, cornmeal mush and some synthetic fibres, aqueous suspensions of minerals and slimes and biologically active macromolecules. Cationic starch is also added at the beater to improve drainage on the wire, better saddlery formation, and enhancement of the sizing efficiency of an alum-rosin size.Anionic starchAnionic starches are prepared by reaction with phosphoric acid andalkali coat phosphates or by making derivative with carboxymethyl group.Thinned starchThese are produced through depolymerisation reaction by hydrochloric acid or other acids. unadapted starches are treated with a mineral acid at temperature spurn than gelatinization and results in partially hydrolyzed starch molecules. This cleaves the chain length and lower viscosity. It increases the proclivity to retro gradation. The lower viscosity permits higher concentrations to be used forming rigid gels in gums pastilles and jellies. In these applications, increased set -back leading to the formation of strong gels gives these starches significant advantages over native starches. Extended applications in food industry are found by acid-thinned starch in conjunction with esterification and etherification reaction.Acetylated starchAcetylated starch (E1420)esterificationwithacetic anhydride Starch after treatment with acetic anhydride produces starch esters which are useful in biodegradable applications. In particular, high starch acetates provide thermo plasticity, hydrophobicity and compatibility with other additives. The result of this treatment is a stability starch which will produce pastes that will withstand several exemptze-thaw cycles and prevent synaeresis (weeping) occurs. Wide applications are in foods as texturing agent and provide untroubled freeze-thaw stability. Extended applications in food industry are found by acetylated starch in conjunction with cross-linked starch.DextrinDextrin(E1400) is formed byroasting the starch withhydroc hloric acid. Dextrination is the heating of powdered starch, mostly in the presence of small amounts of acids, at different temperatures and with different reaction times. Dextrin is used as adhesives in paper and textile based industry.Grafted starchGrafted starches are produced by free ingrained copolymerization with ethylenically unsaturated monomers. Starch grafted with synthetic polymers is most utilized tarches from different botanic origins were grafted with 1, 3 butadiene, styrene, acrylamide, acrylonitrile and Meth acrylic acid using free redox reaction.Starch ethersStarch ethers are produced by a nucleophilic electric switch reaction with an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, followed by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis for viscosity adjustment.Physically modified starchNative starch can be modified with mechanical treatment, using spray drying technique, annealing techniqueEnzyme modified starchEnzyme-treated starch which includes maltodextrin,cyclodextrin Starch modified with amylase enzyme produces derivative with good adhesion property and mainly used in coating the food with colorant.APPLICATION IN FOOD effortFrozen FoodTo stabilize the food products starches are used in frozen bottle foods to provide freeze-thaw stability and retrogradation.Flavor EncapsulationModified starches are used to encapsulate or, preserve the flavour of the food products. Octenylsuccinylated derivatives and other starch hydrolyzates are used as flavour encapsulation.Dairy ProductsModified starches are used in a wider way to the dairy products it provides variety of effects, including compound viscosity, cut ability, mouth olfactory property and stability. In puddings, starch is used to enhance viscosity and smoothness. Starches are used in yogurts and sour cream to control syneresis and enhance thickness.Canned FoodCanning process preserves food for up to several years by achieving a temperature sufficient to eradicate or inactivate food poisoning or spoilage microbes. Starch is most commonly used to thicken, stabilize and enhance the mouth feel of canned foods such as puddings, pie- fillings, soups, sauces and gravies. Highly cross-linked starches are used for this purpose.