Corporate Governance and Ownership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Corporate Governance and Ownership - Essay ExampleThe analysis of this paper shows that globalization plays an important role in dissolving the existing bodily monomania and strengthening the corporate ecesis in these three countries. However, this analysis also shows that because of its strong inherence and utility derived from specific features of these three countries, the characteristics of ownership and corporate governance and its nitty-grittys still remain in these countries. Finally, this paper also touches on the voltage of other elements that effect on the corporate governance from different perspectives. II. Introduction Corporate ownership has been wholeness of the biggest concerns of corporate governance for many years. Many previous research argues the prevalence of widely held corporations in the coupled States in which corporate ownership is dispersed among small shareholders1. Under such structures, the main concern of corporate governance is how to reduce the potential conflict between the interests of managers and stock holders, or so-called agency problems.2 However, as we look outside the United States, especially in countries with poor minority shareholder protections, even the largest firms practically have compulsive shareholders3. In those countries, the central agency problem is how to restrict the expropriation of minority shareholders by controlling shareholders with the improvement of minority protections4. Corporate ownership in Asia is also largely different from the U.S. Asian characteristics, as containing a high concentration of ownership comes from family, state and root word ownership and low runniness of shares5. Claessens investigated the separation of ownership and control in 2980 publicly traded companies in nine East Asian countries6 (Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, southerly Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand). This study finds that in all countries, especially in Indonesia, Jap an and Singapore, voting rights consequently exceed cash-flow rights through pyramid structures and cross-holding. It also finds that more than two-thirds of firms in these countries are controlled by a single shareholder7. It is not sullen to anticipate that under this corporate structure, the conflict of interests between majority and minority shareholders cause adverse effect on the corporate governance. Several studies show that the concentrated ownership causes the low trade valuation of firms and expropriation of minority shareholders in Asia8. This expropriation is more detrimental in a country with weaker legal systems9. Although differences between countries are significant, fresh Paper on Corporate Governance in Asia emphasized that the protection of minority shareholders rights was particularly unfavourable in Asia10. Basically, there are three types of corporate ownership in Asia, which are family, state and group ownership. More than half of Asian corporations are f amily-owned. Hong Kong, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand show high degrees of family ownership. State control is significant in China and Singapore. In Japan and Korea, group companies are characterized by interlocking cross-holdings of equity. These characteristics of corporate structure, however, have in stages changed in the 21st century because of Asian economic growth and capital globalization. Corporate governance in Asia has been subjected to the reformation due to the criticism for its weakness after the Asian financial crisis. It seems that as the Asian market played a